Legal Protection and Health Right of Elderly Hajj Pilgrims: Surabaya Socio-Legal Study 1447H
Balai Besar Kekarantinaan Kesehatan (BBKK) Surabaya & Southern Cross University Australia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56943/jcj.v5i2.1065The Elderly-Friendly Hajj policy requires legal and health-service arrangements that
respond to the vulnerabilities of older pilgrims while preserving equality, dignity, and
safety. This study examines legal protection and the fulfillment of health rights of Hajj
pilgrims aged sixty years and above at the Surabaya Embarkation and Debarkation Point
during the 1447 H/2026 CE Hajj season. It employs a document-based empirical socio
legal design using secondary administrative data from the Surabaya Health Quarantine
Center Hajj health-services report, primary legal materials, and relevant scholarly
literature. Data were analysed descriptively and mapped against statutory duties, health
service standards, and principles protecting vulnerable groups. The findings show that
older pilgrims constituted a substantial share of outpatient service users and hospital
referrals, particularly during debarkation. Documented forms of protection included
priority examinations, outpatient care, referral, fitness-to-fly assessment, Mecca Route
services, and debarkation care However, the records also identified limitations relating to
ambulance capacity, facility safety and accessibility, mobility support, administrative and
digital barriers, and consistency of health istithaah assessments. The analysis indicates
that legal protection has been operationalised across several dimensions, but the available
administrative evidence does not establish comprehensive fulfillment or service quality.
The study proposes a risk-responsive legal protection approach integrating accessibility,
mobility, chronic disease management, referral, dignity, and continuity of care throughout
the Hajj journey.
Keywords: Jamaah Haji yang Lebih Tua Haji Ramah Lansia Hak atas Kesehatan Perlindungan Hukum Studi Sosio-Hukum
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