NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF CRIMINAL ACTION FOR FEMALE CHILD TRAFFICKING VICTIMS IN INDONESIA
Universitas Wiralodra
Universitas Wiralodra
Universitas Wiralodra
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56943/jcj.v2i1.220Girls are a group that is highly susceptible to the human trafficking crime. Even so, there were still very few researches on this crime from the victim's perspective. This research aims to identify various negative implications caused by human trafficking crime based on the victim's perspective through a victimological approach. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach. The data used in this research is primary data obtained from several informants, these are Health Extension Officer Kusuma Bongas and several victims who were survivors of human trafficking, through in-depth interviews and observations. According to the research findings, human trafficking is a serious crime that has a wide-ranging take effect across multiple sectors. In addition to social effects, human trafficking has negative legal consequences as well as it leads to various criminal offenses such as prostitution, the physical, sexual, and psychological exploitation of children, violations of labor laws, and other crimes. For the victims of this crime, there is still potential for unfairness and legal ambiguity due to the law's imperfect implementation in this subject. Therefore, it is important to improve the judiciary system, specifically the fair and strict laws against the human trafficking crime, in order to provide victims safeguards and have a deterrent impact on offenders.
Keywords: Children Human Trafficking Trafficking of Girls
Afifah, Dian Fitriani, and Neneng Yani Yuningsih. “Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Tentang Pencegahan Dan Penanganan Korban Perdagangan (Trafficking) Perempuan Dan Anak Di Kabupaten Cianjur.” Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 2, no. 2 (2015): 330–360.
Alvarez, Maria Beatriz, and Edward J. Alessi. “Human Trafficking Is More Than Sex Trafficking and Prostitution.” Affilia 27, no. 2 (May 22, 2012): 142–152. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0886109912443763.
Bélanger, Danièle. “Labor Migration and Trafficking among Vietnamese Migrants in Asia.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 653, no. 1 (May 28, 2014): 87–106. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002716213517066.
Boles, Jessika C., and Cheryl Murray Miyamasu. “Human Trafficking.” 300–325, 2022. https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/978-1-6684-5097-0.ch013.
Columb, Seán. “Beneath the Organ Trade: A Critical Analysis of the Organ Trafficking Discourse.” Crime, Law and Social Change 63, no. 1–2 (March 4, 2015): 21–47. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10611-014-9548-0.
Department of Children & Family Services. Human Trafficking, Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes, and Commercial Sexual Exploitation. Louisiana, 2018. https://www.dcfs.louisiana.gov/assets/docs/searchable/Child Welfare/PlansReports/Human Trafficking Report 2018.pdf.
Department of State United States of America. Trafficking in Persons Report. Trends in Organized Crime. Vol. 10, 2006.
———. Trafficking in Persons Report. United States of America, 2022. https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/337308-2022-TIP-REPORT-inaccessible.pdf.
Eviningrum, Sulistya, Hartiwiningsih, and Moh Jamin. “Strengthening Human Rights-Based Legal Protection on Victims of Child Trafficking in Indonesia.” International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 28, no. 20 (2019): 296–300.
Gautam Poudel, Pragya, and Cristina S. Barroso. “Social Determinants of Child Trafficking Addressed by Government and Non-Government Strategies in South and Southeast Asia: An Integrative Review.” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, no. 8 (December 1, 2019): 808–819. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1403494818807816.
Gouty, Anah Hewetson. “The Best Interests of a Trafficked Adolescent.” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 22, no. 2 (2015): 737–767.
Hamja, Hamja, and Faizin Sulistio. “Modus of Girls Trafficking in Bongas Indramayu: Victimology Perspective.” Brawijaya Law Journal 8, no. 1 (2021): 132–146.
Hidayat, Rahmat, and Syamsuddin Syamsuddin. “Penetrasi Konteks Sosial Budaya Dalam Membangun Collaborative Governance Pada Gugus Tugas Pencegahan Dan Penanganan Korban Perdagangan Orang Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan Dan Anak Di Provinsi Jawa Barat.” Jurnal Politikom Indonesiana 4, no. 1 (2019): 240–270.
Kamudin, Kamudin. “Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah Terhadap Upaya Pencegahan Trafficking.” HERMENEUTIKA : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 1, no. 1 (2015).
Kelly, Annie, and Mei-Ling McNamara. “3,000 Children Enslaved in Britain after Being Trafficked from Vietnam.” The Guardian. Last modified 2015. Accessed December 27, 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/may/23/vietnam-children-trafficking-nail-bar-cannabis.
Kinanthi, Melok Roro, Adriana Ginanjar, and Winarini Wilman. “Faktor-Faktor Bioekologi Pada Komitmen Pernikahan Tenaga Kerja Wanita Asal Indramayu.” Jurnal Psikologi Islam dan Budaya 1, no. 2 (2018): 113–130.
Kokkalera, Stuti Subbaiah, Cassandra Mary Frances Gonzalez, and Jason M. Williams. “Introduction to the Special Issue on Qualitative Criminology and Victimology.” Crime & Delinquency (November 12, 2022): 001112872211349. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00111287221134912.
Kusuma, Amalia, Ayu. “Efektivitas Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak Dalam Hubungan Dengan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Perdagangan Orang Di Indonesia.” Ilmu Sosial 3, no. 1 (2015): 64–71.
Nguyen, Dung Van, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Toan Quang Le, and Thanh Danh Do. “Human Trafficking in Vietnam: The Issues and Responses of The Vietnamese Government.” International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change 13, no. 7 (2020): 135–152. https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol_13/Iss_7/13722_Nguyen_2020_E_R1.pdf.
Nguyen, Oanh, and Toi Le. “Perceptions of Governmental and Nongovernmental Actors of Human Trafficking Victims: The Case of Vietnam.” International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 127–139. https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/article/view/1559.
Ngwe, Job Elom, and O. Oko Elechi. “Human Trafficking: The Modern Day Slavery of The 21st Century.” African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies: AJCJS 6, no. 1 (2012): 103–119. https://www.umes.edu/uploadedFiles/_WEBSITES/AJCJS/Content/6 1 2 ngwe and elechi proof.pdf.
Nurmaya. “Desain Iklan Layanan Masyaakat Penanggulangan Eksploitasi Seks Komersial Anak Di Indramayu, Jawa Barat.” Journal Studen UNY 1, no. 1 (2017): 415–426.
Okunade, Samuel Kehinde, and Lukong Stella Shulika. “The Dynamics of Child Trafficking in West Africa.” AHMR African Human Mobilty Review 7, no. 23 (2021): 116–140.
Palmiotto, Michael J. Combating Human Trafficking: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 1st Editio. New York: Routledge, 2014.
Peiru, Hana Renata Tan, and Abdurrakhman Alhakim. “Perlindungan Hak Anak Dibawah Umur Korban Human Trafficking Di Kota Batam: Perspektif Hukum Pidana.” Journal Komunitas Yustisia Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha 4, no. 3 (2021): 1029.
Prakoso, Abdul Rahman, and Putri Ayu Nurmalinda. “Legal Policy on Human Trafficking Crimes.” IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 133–146. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/ijcls/article/view/17172.
Rahmawati, Shofi Nurul, and Djoko Sumaryanto. “Legal Protection for Human Trafficking.” YURIS (Journal of Court and Justice) 1, no. 4 (2022): 34–40. https://journal.jfpublisher.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/209.
Satriani, Rizka Ari, and Tamsil Muis. “Studi Tentang Perdagangan Manusia (Human Trafficking) Pada Remaja Putri Jenjang Sekolah Menengah Di Kota Surabaya.” Jurnal BK Unesa 4, no. 1 (2013): 67–78. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-bk-unesa/article/view/6121/7019.
Sumirat, Iin Ratna. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perempuan Dan Anak Korban Kejahatan Perdagangan Manusia.” Jurnal Studi Gender dan Anak 7, no. 01 (2017): 19.
Sunardiyana, Windia Sari, and Agus Joko Pitoyo. “Studi Perdagangan Anak Perempuan Di Kecamatan Bongas Kabupaten Indramayu.” Jurnal Bumi Indonesia 3, no. 1 (2014): 1–10.
Sutinah, and Karen Mwende Kinuthia. “Trafficking of Women and Children in East Java, Indonesia.” Journal of International Women’s Studies 20, no. 9 (2019): 94–106.
Sweileh, Waleed M. “Research Trends on Human Trafficking: A Bibliometric Analysis Using Scopus Database.” Globalization and Health 14, no. 1 (2018): 1–12.
Syaputra, Wido Bayu, and M. Faiz Setiawan. “Perdagangan Manusia Lintas Negara Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum 3, no. 2 (2019): 87–99.
Taekema, Sanne. “Theoretical and Normative Frameworks for Legal Research: Putting Theory into Practice.” Law and Method (2018). http://www.bjutijdschriften.nl/doi/10.5553/REM/.000031.
Turvey, Brent E. Forensic Victimology: Examining Violent Crime Victims in Investigative and Legal Contexts. Second Edi. Oxford: Academic Press, 2014.
Ukwayi, J. K., P. U. Angioha, and E. A. Aniah. “Associate Factor of Trafficking in Women and Children in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.” European Journal of Political Science Studies 0, no. 0 (2019): 1–15.
UNDP Regional HIV and Development Programme Team. You and AIDS: The HIV and Development Magazine for Asia Pacific, 2003.
Wulandari, Cahya, Sonny Saptoajie Wicaksono, Fakultas Hukum, and Universitas Negeri. “Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang ( Human Trafficking ) Khususnya Terhadap Perempuan Dan Anak : Suatu Permasalahan Dan Penanganannya Di Kota Semarang.” Yustisia Edisi 90 (2014): 15–26.
Yadoglah, Joseph Agbeko. “Factors Influencing Child Trafficking: An Analysis of Cases Reported in Ghana.” University of Roehampton, 2018. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/57761/gupea_2077_57761_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.