Criminal Law Enforcement Against Illegal Cosmetic Products: A Normative Juridical Study
Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya
Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56943/jcj.v5i1.966The widespread circulation of illegal cosmetic products poses serious threats to consumer health and safety, particularly those containing hazardous substances such as mercury and hydroquinone distributed without valid regulatory authorization. This study examines criminal law enforcement against perpetrators of illegal cosmetic distribution and the legal protection afforded to consumers within the jurisdiction of the East Java Regional Police (Polda Jawa Timur). Employing a normative juridical method with a statute approach, this study analyzes applicable provisions under Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health and Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, using the counterfeiting of New KLT cosmetic products as its primary case reference. The findings reveal that while the existing statutory framework provides a sufficient normative basis for criminal prosecution, enforcement effectiveness is constrained by inadequate inter-agency coordination between the Regional Police and BPOM, the proliferation of unmonitored online distribution channels, and the absence of accessible victim compensation mechanisms. This study extends prior research by demonstrating that administrative supervision and criminal law enforcement function as complementary rather than substitutable instruments, and that consistent police-led prosecution is indispensable to closing the deterrence gap that regulatory reform alone cannot address. Stricter sanction implementation and strengthened institutional coordination are recommended to optimize consumer protection outcomes.
Keywords: Consumer Protection Criminal Law Enforcement Distribution Permit Illegal Cosmetics Normative Juridical
Ahmad, Desiana, and Mutia Cherawaty Thalib. “Tanggung Jawab Hukum Pelaku Usaha Terhadap Peredaran Kosmetik Yang Tidak Memiliki Izin Edar.” JURNAL LEGALITAS 12, no. 2 (2019): 104–113. Accessed February 18, 2026. https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/JL/article/view/5797/1924.
Alnuqaydan, Abdullah M. “The Dark Side of Beauty: An in-Depth Analysis of the Health Hazards and Toxicological Impact of Synthetic Cosmetics and Personal Care Products.” Frontiers in Public Health 12 (August 26, 2024). https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1439027/full.
Benuf, Kornelius, and Muhamad Azhar. “Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Sebagai Instrumen Mengurai Permasalahan Hukum Kontemporer.” Gema Keadilan 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 20–33. https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/gk/article/view/7504.
Cahyono, Febrian Dwi Putra, and Sinarianda Kurnia Hartantien. “JUDICIAL REVIEW OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES ON CUSTOMER DATA THEFT OF BANKS IMPLICATED IN THE LOSS OF CUSTOMER’S MONEY.” Journal of Court and Justice 2, no. 3 (October 27, 2023): 54–68. https://journal.jfpublisher.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/398.
Christi, Novi, and Gatot P. Soemartono. “The Role of the Drug and Food Control Agency (BPOM) in Addressing the Distribution of Illegal Cosmetics.” JIHK 6, no. 1 (June 25, 2024): 9–24. https://journal.stihbiak.ac.id/index.php/kyadiren/article/view/203.
Firmantoro, Kiki, and Suvinah Suvinah. “Kosmetik Ilegal, Otoritas Pengawasan, Dan Profesi Medis: Kajian Hukum Administrasi Di Indonesia.” HUMANIORUM 3, no. 3 (July 8, 2025): 125–135. https://journal.elena.co.id/index.php/humaniorum/article/view/133.
Friedrich, Carl J. Die Philosophie Des Rechts in Historischer Perspektive. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1955. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-86332-5.
Guerin, Bernard. “The Forces That Shape Human Behavior: Combining the Behavior Analysis Approach with Social Science Knowledge for a More Exhaustive Framework to Analyze and Change Human Behavior.” The Psychological Record 75, no. 3 (September 29, 2025): 355–371. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40732-025-00654-z.
Hadjon, Philipus M. Pengantar Hukum Administrasi Indonesia. 10th ed. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 2008.
Harman, Juilia, Mark Flood, Kristy Henson, and Matthew Scanlon. “Analyzing American Brand and Chinese Counterfeit Eyeshadows for Heavy Metals.” Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science 92, no. 1 (April 29, 2020). https://pwvas.org/index.php/pwvas/article/view/623.
Hird, Derek. “Balancing Refinement and Manliness: A Beauty Formula for Men’s Social and Professional Success.” NAN NÜ 26, no. 1 (May 28, 2024): 114–143. https://brill.com/view/journals/nanu/26/1/article-p114_5.xml.
HR, Ridwan. Hukum Administrasi Negara. Thirteenth Edition. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2018.
Januartha, I Putu Gede Bisma, and I Made Minggu Widyantara. “Consumer Protection Against The Rampant Circulation of Cosmetics Without Bpom Permission In The Practice of Buying and Selling In E-Commerce.” Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 4, no. 4 (June 4, 2024): 676–681. https://dinastires.org/JLPH/article/view/408.
Joniada, I Made Wisnu, Ni Komang Arini Styawati, and I Made Arjaya. “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REGIONAL GOVERNMENT EMPOWERMENT ON PHARMACEUTICAL WHOLESALER LICENSES ON THE BALI PROVINCE.” Journal of Court and Justice 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 18–29. https://journal.jfpublisher.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/483.
Kashuri, Mohamad, Taruna Ikrar, and Gunawan Indrayanto. “Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024.” Eruditio : Indonesia Journal of Food and Drug Safety 5, no. 2 (September 30, 2025): 128–139. https://eruditio.pom.go.id/index.php/home/article/view/235.
Kasim, Aminuddin, Sutarman Yodo, Surahman, Abdul Muthalib Rimi, Imran, and Manga Patila. “MINING BUSINEES LICENSING IN INDONESIA: PERSPECTIVE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AFTER THE REVISION OF THE MINERAL AND COAL LAW.” Russian Law Journal 11, no. 3 (April 7, 2023). https://russianlawjournal.org/index.php/journal/article/view/1538.
Lesnida, Lesnida. “Penggunaan Kosmetik Berbahaya Dalam Persfektif Hukum Islam.” Al-Fikru: Jurnal Ilmiah 15, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 53–64.
Liu, Xueqing. “The Role of Consumer Behavior in Shaping Market Demand and Economic Trends.” International Journal of Education and Humanities 15, no. 2 (July 27, 2024): 10–16. https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/ijeh/article/view/24202.
Milala, Fitri Sembiring, and Rahmi Ayunda. “Tinjauan Normatif Terhadap Pertanggung Jawaban Perdata Penjualan Skincare Ilegal Dalam Perspektif Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen.” Petitum 10, no. 1 (2022).
Moeljatno. Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2015.
Moulds, Elizabeth F. “Chivalry and Paternalism: Disparities of Treatment in the Criminal Justice System.” Western Political Quarterly 31, no. 3 (September 1, 1978): 416–430. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/106591297803100311.
Nazliyah, Inayatun, Fajar Rachmad Dwi Miarsa, Dhofirul Yahya, and Ahmad Heru Romadhon. “Law Enforcement Against Cosmetic Businesses Operating Without a BPOM Distribution Permit.” Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 5, no. 3 (March 3, 2025): 2142–2151. https://dinastires.org/JLPH/article/view/1587.
Nugraha, Andi, and Dian Adriawan Dg Tawang. “PERBUATAN PIDANA TERHADAP PENGEDARAN KOSMETIKA YANG TIDAK MEMILIKI IZIN EDAR DAN TIDAK MEMILIKI KEAHLIAN DALAM PRAKTIK KEFARMASIAN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 36 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG KESEHATAN.” Jurnal Hukum Adigama 2, no. 1 (July 22, 2019). Accessed February 18, 2026. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341936646_PERBUATAN_PIDANA_TERHADAP_PENGEDARAN_KOSMETIKA_YANG_TIDAK_MEMILIKI_IZIN_EDAR_DAN_TIDAK_MEMILIKI_KEAHLIAN_DALAM_PRAKTIK_KEFARMASIAN_MENURUT_UNDANG-UNDANG_NOMOR_36_TAHUN_2009_TENTANG_KESEHATAN.
Pemerintahan Republik Indonesia. UU No. 31 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 Tentang Perlindungan Saksi Dan Korban. Sekretariat Negara, 2014.
———. UU No. 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan. Sekretariat Negara, 2009.
———. UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Sekretariat Negara, 1988.
Puannandini, Dewi Asri, Fitrilano Putri Yonsah Minanda, Nayla Isny Az-Zahra, and Aghnia Maulida. “KEBEBASAN BEREKSPRESI MELALUI KARYA DI INDONESIA: STUDI KASUS BAND SUKATANI.” Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA) 3, no. 7 (July 11, 2025): 3031–5220. Accessed October 29, 2025. https://jurnal.mediaakademik.com/index.php/jma/article/view/2524.
Radbruch, Gustav. Rez. v. Joseph Mausbach, Naturrecht Und Völkerrecht. Edited by Arthur Kaufmann. Rechtsphilosophie. Gesamtausgabe / Gustav Radbruch M4 - Citavi. C.F. Müller Juristischer Verlag SV - Bd. 1, 1987.
Rahardjo, Satjipto. Hukum Dan Masyarakat. Angkasa, 1980.
Rakhmat, Jalaluddin. Psikologi Komunikasi. Simbiosa Rekatama Media. Bandung, 2021.
Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Oxford University Press, 1999.
Sebayang, Rina Br., Kartina Pakpahan, Elvira Fitriyani Pakpahan, Emir Syarif Fatahillah Pakpahan, and Venia Utami Keliat. “Application Of The Law For The Criminal Act Of Sale Of Illegal Cosmetic Products Sold Online (Study Of Decisions No.82/Pid.Sus/2024/Pn Smn And No.123/Pid.Sus/2024/Pn Bir)” (January 3, 2026): 107–117. Accessed February 18, 2026. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/ifple-25/126021097.
Shah, Syed Sibghatullah, and Zahid Asghar. “Dynamics of Social Influence on Consumption Choices: A Social Network Representation.” Heliyon 9, no. 6 (June 2023): e17146. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405844023043542.
Shcherbanyuk, Oksana, Vіtalii Gordieiev, and Laura Bzova. “Legal Nature of the Principle of Legal Certainty as a Component Element of the Rule of Law.” Juridical Tribune 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2023). https://tribunajuridica.eu/arhiva/An13v1/2. Shcherbanyuk, Gordieiev, Bzova.pdf.
Simović, Miodrag N., and Vladimir M. Simović. “THE SYSTEM OF SANCTIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL OFFENSES.” Godišnjak Pravnog Fakulteta u Banja Luci 1, no. 45 (November 18, 2023). https://godisnjakpfbl.com/index.php/godisnjak/article/view/227.
Soekanto, Soerjono, and Budi Sulistyowati. Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: PT. RajaGrafindo Persada. Rajawali Pers, 2017.
Sommaliagustina, Desi, Helfira Citra, and Sry Wahyuni. “URGENSI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KONSUMEN E-COMMERCE DALAM PERDAGANGAN PRODUK KECANTIKAN DI KOTA PADANG.” Ensiklopedia of Journal 5, no. 3 (April 29, 2023): 346–353. Accessed February 18, 2026. https://jurnal.ensiklopediaku.org/ojs-2.4.8-3/index.php/ensiklopedia/article/view/1678.
Subekti. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata. Jakarta: Intermasa, 2002.
Suyanto, Dr. Suyanto. Metode Penelitian Hukum Pengantar Penelitian Normatif, Empiris Dan Gabungan. Gresik: Unigress Press, 2022.
Syafiqoh, Firyal Arribah, and Amad Sudiro. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dari Produk Kosmetik Yang Ilegal.” Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 8, no. 12 (January 4, 2024): 6679–6689. https://www.jurnal.syntaxliterate.co.id/index.php/syntax-literate/article/view/14757.
Tungga, Deski Bertolens, Thelma S.M Kadja, and Amalo Heryanto. “Perlindungan Konsumen Dari Aspek Hukum Pidana Terhadap Peredaran Kosmetik Ilegal.” Konstitusi : Jurnal Hukum, Administrasi Publik, dan Ilmu Komunikasi 2, no. 1 (December 13, 2024): 136–145. https://ejournal.appihi.or.id/index.php/Konstitusi/article/view/398.
