Overlapping Jurisdiction and Coercive-Circumstance Accountability in Indonesian Narcotics Investigation
Polda Sulawesi Utara
Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56943/jlte.v5i3.1126This study analyzes how Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics allocates investigative authority between the Indonesian National Police (Polri) and the National Narcotics Agency (BNN), and how the accountability of police officers is assessed, including under Article 42 of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. Using doctrinal legal research with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, the study analyzed legislation, court decisions, and scholarly literature through descriptive, evaluative, and prescriptive steps. The analysis found that the two institutions hold concurrent and coequal investigative competence under Article 81, yet no provision sets a rule of precedence. This gap allows divergent coercive regimes to coexist. For example, Article 76 permits arrest of up to three days, extendable by three, whereas the Criminal Procedure Code limits arrest to one day unless another law provides otherwise. Special techniques such as undercover buying and wiretapping are authorized without statutory procedure, and the accountability of officers who are suspects remains within the same organization, because most BNN investigators are Polri members. These findings indicate that fragmentation originates in statutory design. Potential implications include challenges to evidence integrity and inconsistent treatment of suspects, which require empirical testing. The study recommends a statutory rule of precedence with case notification, procedures for special techniques, a shared evidence protocol, a uniform standard for classifying users and traffickers, and independent review of cases involving officers.
Keywords: Coercive Circumstances Due Process Jurisdictional Overlap Narcotics Investigation Police Accountability
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