THE EXISTENCE OF IDENTITY VALUE AND IMAGE PROTECTION ON LEGAL FRAMEWORKS OF UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (US) AND UNITED KINGDOM (UK)
Universitas Pancasila
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Adhyaksa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56943/jlte.v1i2.62This research aims to examine the existence of identity value and image protection along with their commercialization by comparing legal frameworks between the United States of America (the US) and the United Kingdom (the UK). The applied methodology is socio-legal approach: Primary sources will be utilized to compare the Right of Publicity’s legal framework in each chosen country, as well as secondary sources, which will be used to develop this author’s understanding of the primary sources, will be crucial to answer the research question. The result of this research stated that The Right of Publicity is a subset of the Right to Privacy specifically guarantee individual to control the commercialization of his identity while providing the remedy for unauthorized commercialization by a third party. English courts and law explicitly dismissed any personality right moreover a general free- standing Right of Publicity. The discussion of the Right of Publicity in the US behaves towards the natural aspect of the right, whether to label the right as property or as personal right. It can be concluded that, The United States approach overprotect the individual’s right to control his identity by banning any commercial use of any characteristics which the public can associate with. On the contrary, the UK still refuse to provide a name to protect the appropriation of one’s identity.
Keywords: Commercialization Identity Value Legal Framework Right of Publicity
Aplin, Tanya, and Jennifer Davis. Intellectual Property Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. https://www.oxfordlawtrove.com/view/10.1093/he/9780198842873.001.0001/he-9780198842873.
BBC News. “Fiji Water Girl: Legal Battle for Golden Globes Model.” BBC.
Beverley-Smith, Huw. The Commercial Appropriation of Personality. Cambridge University Press, 2002. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511495229/type/book.
Black, Gillian. “Exploiting Image: Making a Case for the Legal Regulation of Publicity Rights in the United Kingdom.” European Intellectual Property Review (2011).
Cooper, Michael A. “Publicity Rights, False Endorsement, and the Effective Protection of Private Property.” Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy (2010).
Dunne, Robert. “The Right of Publicity.” In Computers and the Law, 255–267. Cambridge University Press, 2009. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CBO9780511804168A055/type/book_part.
Fletcher, Peter, and Edward Rubin. “Privacy, Publicity, and the Portrayal of Real People by the Media.” Yale Law Journal (1979).
Hon, Dr W Kuan, Ellis Parry, Ksenia Bakina, Louise Townsend, and Nick Graham. Encyclopedia of Data Protection and Privacy. Sweet & Maxwell, 2019.
Kroher, Jürgen. “Intellectual Property Protection for Celebrities in Europe-A Spotlight on German and UK Law.” The IP Litigator : Devoted to Intellectual Property Litigation and Enforcement; New York 16, no. 6 (2010): 8–13.
Kurnit, Rick. Right of Publicity. Law Business Research Ltd, 2018.
Kurtz, Leslie A. “Fictional Characters and Real People.” University of Louisville Law Review (2013): 435–647.
Laddie, Mr Justice. Irvine and Another v Talksport Ltd. England, 2002.
Leaffer, Marshall. “The Right of Publicity: A Comparative Perspective.” Indiana University Maurer School of Law (2007).
Madow, Michael. “Private Ownership of Public Image: Popular Culture and Publicity Rights.” California Law Review (1993).
———. “Private Ownership of Public Image: Popular Culture and Publicity Rights.” California Law Review 81, no. 1 (January 1993): 125. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3480785?origin=crossref.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Edisi revi. Jakarta: Kencana, 2019.
McCarthy, J. Thomas. The Rights of Publicity and Privacy. West Group, 2000.
McClean, Daniel, and Karsten Schubert. Dear Images, Art, Copyright & Culture. London: Ridinghouse, 2002.
McKenna, Mark P. “The Right of Publicity and Autonomous Self-Definition.” University of Pittsburgh Law Review 67, no. 1 (April 26, 2005). http://lawreview.law.pitt.edu/ojs/lawreview/article/view/73.
Mostert, Frederick, and Sheyna Cruz. “How Image Rights Have Changed Over The Past 20 Years.” SSRN Electronic Journal (2022). https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=4026458.
Nimmer, Melville B. “The Right of Publicity.” Communication Law and Policy 25, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 478–482. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10811680.2020.1805957.
Rothman, Jennifer E. The Right of Publicity: Privacy Reimagined for a Public World. Harvard University Press, 2018.
Tan, David. The Commercial Appropriation of Fame A Cultural Analysis of the Right of Publicity and Passing Off. Cambridge University Press, 2017.
Thompson, III, Robert T. “Image as Personal Property: How Privacy Law Has Influenced the Right of Publicity.” UCLA Entertainment Law Review 16, no. 1 (2009). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v91z41v.
Warren, Samuel D., and Louis D. Brandeis. “The Right to Privacy.” Harvard Law Review 4, no. 5 (1890): 193–220.
“Right of Publicity and Indicia of Identity.” In The Commercial Appropriation of Fame, 64–105. Cambridge University Press, 2017. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781316488744%23CN-bp-4/type/book_part.