STATE RESPONSIBILITY IN SAFEGUARDING WORKERS DISMISSED FROM EMPLOYMENT: A STUDY OF JOB LOSS INSURANCE (JKP)
Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya
Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56943/jlte.v4i2.805Employment termination (Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja/PHK) has become an increasingly common issue in Indonesia’s labor landscape. To address this, the government introduced the Job Loss Guarantee (Jaminan Kehilangan Pekerjaan/JKP) through Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022, later enacted as Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation. The JKP program serves as a form of state protection aimed at supporting Indonesian workers affected by layoffs, offering structured benefits administered by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. This research aims to examine the legal basis of the JKP program as a new social protection policy and to evaluate the legal protection mechanisms available for terminated workers in accessing these benefits. Using a normative juridical approach, the study analyzes relevant laws, regulations, and institutional responsibilities, supported by academic sources and policy documents. The research also seeks to identify potential legal uncertainties, regulatory weaknesses, and institutional barriers that may hinder the effective implementation of JKP. The findings are expected to provide legal insight and contribute to the development of more responsive employment-based social security policies in Indonesia.
Keywords: Job Loss Guarantee Labor Inspection Termination of Employment
Alfathoni, Muhammad Ilham, Cherilla Izzata Putri Lubis, and Muhammad Bijak Ramadhan Astapradja. “Regulations on The Job Creation Law Regarding Job Loss Guarantees In The Context of Legal Protection for Workers.” Andalas Law Journal 8, no. 1 (July 28, 2023): 43. http://alj.fhuk.unand.ac.id/index.php/alj/article/view/42.
Alfiansa, Nicko, Nurjanah Nurjanah, and Yasir Yasir. “Strategi Komunikasi BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Dalam Implementasi Program Jaminan Kehilangan Pekerjaan (Studi Kasus: BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Wilayah Sumatera Barat).” Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2025): 529–534. https://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/jutin/article/view/39471.
Ananda. “Teori Kepastian Hukum Menurut Para Ahli.” Gramedia Literasi. Last modified 2021. Accessed July 24, 2025. https://www.gramedia.com/literasi/teori-kepastian-hukum/?srsltid=AfmBOopam9-LTzv51hQtq3ddPVEn2kradRLQ096wuMp5JDrNlEUMHjQ_.
Angie, Angie. “Legal Protection Efforts for Workers Through the Social Security Administrative Agency.” QISTINA: Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 758–763. https://rayyanjurnal.com/index.php/qistina/article/view/470.
Chen, Mavis Yi-Ching, Long W. Lam, and Julie N.Y. Zhu. “Should Companies Invest in Human Resource Development Practices? The Role of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Performance Improvements.” Personnel Review 50, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 460–477. http://www.emerald.com/pr/article/50/2/460-477/325801.
Dalimunthe, Nikmah, Ariyadi Ariyadi, Agung Setia, Dwi Nur Annisa, Indah Khuzaimah, Dwi Indah Pertiwi, Egi Fadilah Saragih, Nadiah Rizki Nasution, and Irfan Iskandar. “Peran Kebijakan Perlindungan Ketenagakerjaan Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Pekerja.” Jurnal Manajemen Riset Inovasi 1, no. 3 (June 14, 2023): 210–221. https://prin.or.id/index.php/mri/article/view/1314.
Darma, Susilo Andi. “KEDUDUKAN HUBUNGAN KERJA; BERDASARKAN SUDUT PANDANG ILMU KAIDAH HUKUM KETENAGAKERJAAN DAN SIFAT HUKUM PUBLIK DAN PRIVAT.” OLD WEBSITE OF JURNAL MIMBAR HUKUM 29, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 221–234. Accessed July 24, 2025. https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jmh/article/view/25047.
Dewi, Tata Mustika. “PENERAPAN DATA MINING PENGELOMPOKAN JAMINAN HARI TUA (JHT) BERDASARKAN WILAYAH DALAM MASA PANDEMI (STUDI KASUS : BPJS KETENAGAKERJAAN CABANG LANGKAT).” Jurnal Sistem Informasi Kaputama (JSIK) 6, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 130–141. https://jurnal.kaputama.ac.id/index.php/JSIK/article/view/162.
Dwiwardana, Kiko Chandra, Mohammad Roesli, and Bastianto Nugroho. “Juridical Reviewlegal Protection of Employees Subject To Termination.” YURISDIKSI : Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains 19, no. 2 (October 2, 2023): 183–201. https://yurisdiksi.unmerbaya.ac.id/index.php/yurisdiksi/article/view/199.
Hadjon, Philipus M. Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat Di Indonesia. 1st ed. Surabaya: Bina Ilmu, 1987. Accessed July 18, 2025. https://balaiyanpus.jogjaprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=12369.
Hamzani, Achmad Irwan, Tiyas Vika Widyastuti, Nur Khasanah, and Mohd Hazmi Mohd Rusli. “Legal Research Method: Theoretical and Implementative Review.” International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (August 24, 2023): 3610–3619. https://cosmosscholars.com/phms/index.php/ijmst/article/view/3191.
ILO. “Strengthening Social Protection for the Future of Work.” Paper presented at the 2nd Meeting of the G20 Employment Working Group, 15-17 February 2017, Hamburg, Germany, no. February (2017). https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---inst/documents/publication/wcms_559136.pdf.
Ismed, Khairul, Asep Saepul Muharam, and Muhyiddin Muhyiddin. “Urgensi Penambahan Fungsi Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan Pada Balai Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3).” PUSBANGJAKNAKER Working Papers (2021). Accessed July 24, 2025. https://pusbangjak.kemnaker.go.id/publication-details/urgensi-penambahan-fungsi-pengawasan-ketenagakerjaan-pada-balai--keselamatan-dan-kesehatan-kerja-k3.
James, Toby S. “Labour Market Policies during an Age of Uncertainty.” Policy Studies 43, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 1–2. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01442872.2022.2008900.
Manulang, Sendjun H. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia. 3rd ed. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2001.
Melnychuk, Dmytro, Iryna Voinalovych, and Zinaida Zhyvko. “SOCIAL INSURANCE: A SECURITY FACTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN CHALLENGES.” ECONOMICS, FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT REVIEW, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 62–70. https://public.scnchub.com/efmr/index.php/efmr/article/view/204/148.
Muhyiddin, Andy Fefta Wijaya, Fadillah Putra, and Wike. “Indonesia’s Job Loss Insurance Program (JKP): Evaluating Challenges and Opportunities for Worker Welfare and Market Integration.” The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2024): 266–277. https://jurnal.pusbindiklatren.bappenas.go.id/lib/jisdep/article/view/634.
Nisa, Humairoh Tazkiyatun, Guruh Novan Aldianto, and Eka Saputra. “Optimalisasi Manfaat Jaminan Kehilangan Pekerjaan (JKP) Bagi Karyawan PKWT.” Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (February 27, 2023): 252–262. https://journal-stiayappimakassar.ac.id/index.php/Jimas/article/view/828.
Pandit, I Gde Suranaya. “KONSEP KEADILAN DALAM PERSEPSI BIOETIKA ADMINISTRASI PUBLIK.” Public Inspiration : Jurnal Administrasi Publik 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 14–20. Accessed July 24, 2025. https://ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/public-inspiration/article/view/86.
Perwira, Daniel, Alex Arifianto, Asep Suryahadi, and Sudarno Sumarto. “Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Melalui Sistem Jaminan Sosial: Pengalaman Indonesia” (2003). Accessed July 24, 2025. www.smeru.or.
Rahardjo, Satjipto. Ilmu Hukum. 8th ed. Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti, 2014.
Rosén, Måns, and Magnus Stenbeck. “Interventions to Suppress the Coronavirus Pandemic Will Increase Unemployment and Lead to Many Premature Deaths.” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 49, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 64–68. https://ltvk.lt/file/zurnalai/05_Mura.pdf.
Setiawan, Ma’ruf Okky, Thea Farina, and Nuraliyah Ali. “Change of Fixed Allowance Wage System to Performance Incentive.” Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 5, no. 4 (April 2, 2025): 2651–2658. https://dinastires.org/JLPH/article/view/1501.
Sudjudiman, Haikal, and Fatma Ulfatun Najicha. “Pengaturan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (Phk) Di Indonesia Dan Singapura.” UIR Law Review 4, no. 2 (October 25, 2020): 40–50. https://journal.uir.ac.id/index.php/uirlawreview/article/view/6767.
Sudrajat, Shinta Azzahra, Arzam Arzam, and Doli Witro. “Legal Protection in Labor Dispute Settlement Through Industrial Relations Mechanism.” Khazanah Hukum 4, no. 1 (March 8, 2022): 1–9. https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kh/article/view/17027.
Surbakti, Novi Karolina. “Data Mining Pengelompokan Pasien Rawat Inap Peserta BPJS Menggunakan Metode Clustering (Studi Kasus : RSU.Bangkatan).” Journal of Information and Technology 1, no. 2 (August 24, 2021): 47–53. https://jurnal.unimor.ac.id/JITU/article/view/1470.
Tambunan, Evlin Novianti, Habieb Pahlevi, and Yasir Riady. “The Role of BPJS Employment Improving Worker Welfare in Indonesia.” Contemporary Journal of Applied Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 5, 2025): 991–1002. https://journal.formosapublisher.org/index.php/cjas/article/view/13345.
Tia Nur, Fadhliyah, and Arief Suryono. “The Implementation Of The Principle Of Freedom Of Contract In Providing Legal Protection For Workers Under Indefinite-Term Employment Contract At CV Soloarsi Studio.” International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences 5, no. 3 (June 29, 2024): 430–434. https://ijersc.org/index.php/go/article/view/823.
Wuryanto, Yohana Nabilla. “Mengenal JKP, Program Baru BPJS Ketenagakerjaan.” NARASI. Last modified December 8, 2022. Accessed July 24, 2025. https://narasi.tv/read/narasi-daily/mengenal-jkp-program-baru-bpjs-ketenagakerjaan.
Yuliansyah, Dedy, M. Iqbal, and Rizky Aulia Fitri. “Fulfillment of Employment Social Security Rights as an Employer’s Legal Obligation toward Workers.” Jurnal Geuthèë: Penelitian Multidisiplin 8, no. 1 (April 28, 2025): 23. https://journal.geutheeinstitute.com/index.php/JG/article/view/398.
“Negara Hukum Adalah : Pengertian, Menurut Para Ahli, Unsur, Contoh.” PPKN. Last modified September 24, 2024. Accessed July 24, 2025. https://ppkn.co.id/negara-hukum/.
