The Impact of Mindfulness on Mobile Payment Tool Usage

The application of mobile payment has not been spread to all Indonesians. However, there are many companies that have started to release and develop their own versions of mobile payment systems. Mobile payment systems, which are innovative forms of financial processing, connect customers and vendors online to complete transactions. The implication of mindfulness has been implicated in many mobile business intelligence technologies. Therefore, this research aims to determine the implications of mindfulness on mobile payment; to analyze hypotheses regarding the performance of mindfulness in affecting perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norms, and attitudes. SEM applies with statistical methods in representing data and applies many models in achieving research objectives and resolving research problems. There were 251 data that represented active users who had experience in using mobile payments. The results of this research indicate that mindfulness has good exploratory strength in predicting consumer intention to adopt mobile payment, and it is proven that has a positive and significant impact on its four dimensions such as perceived ease of use, perceived benefits, and attitudes, which directly affect the intention to use.


INTRODUCTION
The rapid growth of mobile devices is represented through the popularization of diverse mobile devices and the launch of 5G network bandwidth by telecom operators.All payment activities over mobile networks, whether voice, messaging or Near Field Communication (NFC), are called mobile payments (Lin et al., 2020).Mobile payment is a new payment method for financial transactions that provides both convenience and interactivity.Mobile payments can be defined as those payments that use a mobile device to initiate, authorize, and confirm a transaction (Jung et al., 2020).Mobile payment is a financial exchange between two people using wireless technology supported by the widespread adoption of consumerbased technology (Oliveira et al., 2016).The main benefit of mobile payments compared with conventional payments is that they are available anywhere and can be accessed anytime with the user's mobile device (Yunita & Andajani, 2020).Mobile payment applications have been used for several types of transactions, especially for mobile banking and mobile commerce.Using mobile devices, we can access banking services efficiently anytime and anywhere.Mobile payments allow us to transact goods and services by using mobile devices, such as a smartphone, tablet, or other mobile devices.
These consumers find mobile payments useful because they reduce cost, time, and energy.It allows them to make payments on time without having to go to the purchasing place.In addition, mobile payments are considered convenient because consumers always have their mobile phones with them.It indicates the widespread use of mobile phones, especially smartphones (Pantano & Priporas, 2016).Consumers also assume that mobile payment systems allow them to take benefit of available promotional offers, such as discounts and coupons.The social influencers of most family members, friends, and colleagues provide a major impact for many consumers to use mobile payment services.There are various reasons why mobile payment acceptance varies throughout countries, but the main reason is that a lot of factors affect people's intents to use mobile payments.In the Far East, mobile payments have been widely adopted by consumers.A different payment culture for UK consumers may be the reason for the lack of widespread adoption in the UK (Hampshire, 2017).According to Reshma (2017) demonetization in India has led to a significant growth in the use of mobile payments in this country.In addition, 38% of mobile payment users in India used to transfer money; 31% recharged to pay bills; while the rest of 31% spent funds on e-commerce, travel tickets, movie tickets, and more.
Although the adoption of mobile payments in the US with NFC seems to be increasing as measured by mobile wallet experience (rather than frequency of use), payments with NFC mobile wallets are not yet prevalent in the US.In Sung and Mayer's (2012) research, they compared the mobile device perceptions of college students from two countries.Korean students indicated a higher preference for mobile devices than their colleagues in the US.Shin and Lee (2021) compared mobile users' behavior towards mobile payment services in Korea and the US.Although Korean users have more experience in mobile payment frequency, they found that users in the US are more sensitive to security in using mobile payments.
E-commerce has become one of the most popular trading media among young people in Indonesia.The existence of e-commerce-based companies such as OLX, Tokopedia, and Bukalapak has changed the conventional companies.Using ecommerce such as Shopee, Tokopedia, Bukalapak, Lazada, Zalora, and others, payment for products or services that consumers want to buy can be processed anytime and anywhere by only recharging an electronic wallet balance.Some research on mobile payments has been conducted over the years.While technology adoption has been understudied for much longer.In marketing, most research has focused on the factors that affect mobile payment adoption.Several theories and models from a variety of disciplines have been applied to provide further details, which include, Technology Acceptance Models (TAM); The Unified Theories of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT); Diffusion of Trust and Innovation theory; and Mental Accounting theory.These four models are the most adopted.In addition, these models have been used a lot to examine the adoption of technology (Dahlberg et al., 2015).
While these contributions in the adoption and use of sustainable technologies are encouraging, they do not fully reflect the more rational aspects of adoption, especially the fact that sometimes consumers do not come to these decisions based on realistic and mature considerations (Chen & Sintov, 2016).On the other hand, some researchers have recognized the need to incorporate psychological research into their studies (Raman & McClelland, 2019).The incorporation of concepts such as mindfulness can contribute to overcoming the existing shortcomings in the literature.According to Oredo & Njihia (2014) stated that mindfulness is closely related to innovative behavior because an individual's ability to achieve reliable performance depends on thinking and reflecting on changing situations.Mindfulness has been identified to have an impact on technology adoption in the context of rapidly changing technologies, whether users' perceptions can affect their adoption (Sun et al., 2016).Currently, there is less known about the impact of mindfulness in one's decision-making to adopt technology.Sun and Fang (2010) conceptualized mindfulness on a personal level and developed a model of mindfulness in technology adoption.The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has two more constructs than TAM, which are subjective norms and perceived behavioral control.TAM states that not all humans behave voluntarily because many of them are under subjective control.Based on these models, this research aims to determine the implications of mindfulness on mobile payment; to analyze hypotheses regarding the performance of mindfulness in affecting perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norms, and attitudes.

LITERATURE REVIEW Technology Adoption Models
Acceptance has been considered as a function of user involvement in system development.In general, acceptance is defined as "the opposite of rejection and means a positive decision to use an innovation."Technology adoption is one of the mature research areas in information systems . Carr Jr (1999) defines technology adoption as the step of selecting a technology for use by an individual or organization.The rapid steps being made in technological innovation in every domain imaginable, issues related to technology adoption have become more prominent these days.
Reputable companies often seek to mold the evolution of technology applications to their own advantage (Wirtz & Lovelock, 2022).As technology grows more advanced and dynamic, the rate of consumer acceptance of these technologies depends on a variety of factors such as technology availability, convenience, consumer needs, security, and so on.These include the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DIT) which started in 1960 (Miller, 2015); the theory of technology-task fit (TTF) (Papagiannidis, 2022); the theory of reasoned action (Montano & Kasprzyk, 2015); the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (Taylor & Todd, 1995); Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989); Final Version of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM); Unified theory of technology acceptance and use (UTAUT); and Technology acceptance model 3 (TAM3) (Lai, 2017).
The decision to adopt certain technologies and the timelines involved in that decision have been the source of extensive research across multiple disciplines, and can affect businesses, schools and everyday life.Dahlberg et al (2015) reviewed articles on mobile payments from 2007 to 2014.One of the three studies in their analysis was a study on mobile payment adoption.These technology-based service adoption studies are concerned primarily with understanding consumer preferences and their reasons for adopting technology-based services, which is important for service providers trying to produce services that are valuable to them.The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) extends the theory of reasoned action (TRA) by including perceived behavioral control.Even when attitudinal and normative beliefs are supportive, there are other important circumstances that assist or may obstruct behavior (Ajzen, 1991).TAM is derived from the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) which assumed that individual acceptance of technology is affected by beliefs and through two variables, such as Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) (Ajzen, 1991).In addition, they also stated that TAM is specifically intended to explain computer usage behavior.According to the TAM presented in figure 2, TAM controls a person's acceptance of technology directly and is affected by his or her intention, which then is affected by attitude toward use.Attitude towards use is subject to the simultaneous effects of the two variables, that is, PU and PEOU.This research attempts to provide a broader perspective on this issue.The most frequently used variables in mobile payment adoption were taken as a starting point, such as perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, and subjective norms (Liébana-Cabanillas et al., 2019).However, it is suggested that this traditional adoption model can be enriched by adding other aspects that reflect the ways that users might face adoption challenges, such as the anxiety generated in the early stages of the process, which can be conditioned by the expectations of us (social norms) (Park et al., 2019).Therefore, in analyzing this issue from a broader perspective, the concept of mindfulness is introduced.In this research, it is indicated that mindfulness is a determining factor in explaining adoption.

Mindfulness
Langer argued that a mindful approach to any activity has three characteristics, such as the continuous creation of new categories; receptivity to new information; and implicit awareness of multiple perspectives.In addition, Langer also stated that mindfulness emphasizes on active processing of information.Whereas other researchers focus on open, receptive and mindful awareness of others' perspectives (Schuman-Olivier et al., 2020).In general, mindfulness means that the mind is present and engaged in everyday experiences (Feruglio et al., 2021).People who act mindfully are in an alert state of mind that allows them to be distinctive in their presence, precise, and more adaptively responsive to changes in their environment.Using mobile devices as usual, mobile payments can be completed instantly, particularly the usability of technology.Therefore, the hypothesis can be presented as follows: H1a : Mindfulness has a positive effect on Perceived Usefulness in using Mobile Payment.
The basic pillar of any technology development is ease of use, which minimizes the cognitive work required to exploit it.As mentioned earlier, under the state of mindfulness, technology users are more aware of their needs and the ways of technology can be adapted.In this case, the user's ability to evaluate the ease of use of the technology increases.Mindfulness can support high perceptions of information system usability.Thus, the hypothesis can be presented as follows: H1b : Mindfulness has a positive effect on Perceived Ease of Use in Adoption of Mobile Payment.Tona and Carlsson (2014) state that mindfulness affects a company's decision-making process in adopting mobile business intelligence technology.Attentive people are those who are more concerned about functions and characteristics, tend to be more receptive to certain technologies.When users realize the novelty, convenience, and other positive differences of mobile payments, they will choose them over other alternatives.Thus, the hypothesis that can be presented as follows: H1c : Mindfulness has a positive effect on users' attitude towards mobile payment.

Perceived Usefulness
Perceived usefulness is the extent to which an individual believes that using a technology will improve their performance.Thompson et al (1991) stated that individuals will use information technology if the person will know the positive benefits or usefulness of its use.In mobile payments, the perceived benefits can convince consumers that the mobile payment process may be useful for certain purchases (Liébana-Cabanillas, Marinkovic, et al., 2018;Liébana-Cabanillas, Muñoz-Leiva, et al., 2018).It is important to recognize that people cognitively assess how well the technology fits them and the resulting judgment determines their assessment of the perceived usefulness of a particular technology.Perceived usefulness is also highly related to mental representations that describe the degree of instrumentality of certain actions with corresponding goals (Ajzen, 1991;Davis, 1989).In this case, it can be hypothesized such following below: H2a : Perceived usefulness has a positive effect on users' attitude towards mobile payment.
In mobile payments, if a person has experienced using it to purchase transportation fares, the experience allows the user to appreciate the benefits offered by mobile payments as payments in general.This leads to users continuing to adopt mobile payments over other payment methods.
H2b : Perceived usefulness has a positive effect on users' intention to use mobile payment.
Perceived Ease of Use According to Indarsin and Ali (2017), perceived ease of use is the level of a person's belief that using technology will reduce excessive effort.Perceived ease of use is the most significant and proposed in the assessment of mobile payment adoption.In TAM, it is suggested that perceived ease of use has a positive impact on perceived usefulness and indirectly affects intention to use and has a positive impact on attitudes towards new technology (Davis, 1989).(Gan et al., 2016)argued that Chinese consumers are concerned about the convenience and difficulty of using credit cards, which explains why mobile payments are widely accepted in China, the perceived ease of use of mobile payments is higher than credit cards.Therefore, the hypothesis that can be proposed as follows: H3 : Perceived Ease of Use has a positive effect on user attitudes towards mobile payment.

Subjective Norms
Subjective norms relate to the perceived social impact or pressure to comply or not comply with certain behaviors.Subjective norms convey individuals' beliefs about how they will be perceived by their reference group if they perform certain behaviors.The behavior of these people can affect how individuals perceive certain technologies and even how they behave.Subjective norms are defined as a person's perception of the importance to people in thinking that they should or not behave (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975).Subjective norms according to the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975), a person's intention to behave, determines his or her actions and the intention is subject to attitudes and norms.Fishbein & Ajzen (1975) referred to these social influences as subjective norms and also stated that these norms combined with personal attitudes can be used to predict behavior.
Chang (1998) has researched carefully the causal relationship between subjective norms and attitudes, stating that social affect, such as subjective norms, can form a person's attitude.Tarkianen and Sundgvist (Tarkiainen & Sundqvist, 2005) examined the relationship between subjective norms can affect consumer intentions through attitudes.Chang (1998) has carefully examined the causal relationship between subjective norms and attitudes, stating that social influences, such as subjective norms, can form a person's attitude.The following hypotheses that can be proposed as follows: H4a : Subjective norms have a positive effect on users' attitudes towards mobile payment.
On the other hand, Schepers and Wetzels (2007), in a meta-analysis of technology acceptance models, stated that subjective norms have an impact on perceived usefulness and behavioral intention to use.Mobile payments are similar, a person, having seen others, especially those perceived as trustworthy, using mobile payments, will feel pressure to use this type of payment.Therefore, subjective norms, like any social affect, can affect a user's intention to adopt a new technology.
H4b : Subjective norms have a positive effect on users' intention to use mobile payment.

Attitude
Attitude is a psychological construct, which is formed by cognition (thoughts, values (beliefs) and affection (emotions) towards a certain object (Svenningsson et al., 2021).The behavioral component is the intention to behave, such as purchase intention and intention to recommend; the cognitive component refers to the experience, beliefs, and opinions of individuals towards a product or service; and has components such as feelings, emotions, and individual evaluations of a product or service (Liébana-Cabanillas, Marinkovic, et al., 2018).Both TAM and TPB assume attitude as an important construct that affects users' intention or behavior in adopting a certain technology.Each individual tends to behave in a pleasant or unpleasant way towards a certain object.Peter and Olson (2014) defined attitude as an overall evaluation by consumers of an object.Sangadji & Sopiah (2013) argued that attitude is an individual's emotional response in their feelings of favor or disfavor towards certain objects.TAM develops TRA which explicitly states that individual behavior is affected by their intentions (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975).Their intentions are formed by their respective attitudes towards certain behaviors.Along with previous research, this research argues that attitudes can affect positively the intention to adopt mobile payment services.The hypotheses that can be proposed as follows: H5 : Users' attitude towards mobile payments has a psotive effect on their intention to use mobile payments.The focus in this research is to examine the key determinants of mobile payment usage intention and integrate mindfulness as a new variable in this research into mobile payment adoption.In addition, this research also provides an overview of mindfulness in mobile payment adoption.The conceptual framework of this research is presented in Figure 3.

Intention to Use
Furthermore, with the increasing reliance on technology to transform teaching and learning in many societies, identifying the important drivers associated with students' intention to use technology in their lessons remains an important issue.Based on their literature review, Venkantesh et al (2014) argued that the drivers and motivators of students' intention to use technology can be explained by understanding their technology acceptance.However, although there has been remarkable development of networking and wireless technologies, the acceptance of m-learning in higher education is still in its infancy.

Pre-test
Validity and reliability are important concepts in quantitative research.Validity refers to the extent that a study actually measures its intended outcome, while reliability refers to how consistent the results of a research are when repeated in the same way.The data accuracy used in measurement is determined through the validity test.It is conducted to find out how much an indicator can represent something that is measured in a research.The validity test relates to how well a research concept is defined through measurement.The measured data must be free from systematic errors or non-random errors.Reliability test refers to the consistency of the variables measured is true and free from errors.All indicators in the measurement must be consistent and interrelated to indicate that the indicators measure the same thing.An indicator is declared reliable through a reliability measurement tool called Cronbach's Alpha.Cronbach's Alpha value ≥ 0.6 to declare an indicator reliable.

Participant, Study Design, and Procedure
The respondents in this research are naturally selected respondents who have adopted mobile payments before, and have been using them for at least the past few months.251 Indonesian respondents provided their own assessment of their experience in adopting mobile payments.The questionnaire used in this research consisted of questions relating to respondents' personal information, such as gender, age, and a statement that they would provide their own assessment of mobile payments.In addition, there were 31 questions that measured the 6 constructs in the research model as presented in Figure 3, which consisted of awareness of adopting technologies such as mobile payments (13 items); perceived usefulness (4 items); perceived ease of use (4 items); subjective norms (3 items); attitudes (4 items); and intention to use (3 items).
The quantitative approach in this research is an approach that uses a lot of numbers, including data collection, data interpretation, and the results of the research.The quantitative approach is concerned with the existence of variables as research objects and these variables must be defined in the operationalization of each variable.This research was conducted to describe, test the relationship between variables, determine the causality of variables, test theories and looking for generalizations that have predictive value (predicting a symptom).Quantitative research uses instruments that produce numerical data.

Measures
The analysis technique used in this research is Partial Least Square (PLS) which is part of the Structural Equation Modeling method.Ghozali (2016) explained that the SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) model is a second generation multivariate analysis technique that allows researchers to test the relationship between complex variables, both recursive and non-recursive, to obtain a comprehensive description of the entire model (Matondang & Wahyuni, 2023).) is usually used as a confirmatory rather than exploratory form of determining whether a particular model is valid for use or not.SEM assists in measuring variables and testing relationships based on the theory described using a single technique.

Research Result
Validity and Reliability Test Based on the test conducted on 51 respondents, the results indicate that all indicators have a value greater than the corrected item-total correlation of 0.30, it can be concluded that all variable indicators are valid.Then the reliability test results indicate that all variables have a Cronbach Alpha value greater than 0.60.Therefore, it can be concluded that the eleven variables in this research are reliable.

Research Discussion
The hypotheses were developed and tested using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method and the analysis process was assisted by SmartPLS 4.0 software.The result of hypothesis testing indicated that mindfulness is proven to affect other variables as the main variable in this research.Reviewing the previous literature, there are six variables, consisting of the following (1) mindfulness as the main variable in this research; (2) perceived usefulness; (3) perceived ease of use; (4) subjective norms; (5) attitude; and (6) intention to use.First, mindfulness has a positive and significant effect on perceived usefulness in adopting mobile payments.This is proven by the value (t-count > t-table = 24.837> 1.96 and pvalue 0.000 < 0.05).Therefore, hypothesis H1a which states that mindfulness has a positive effect on the perceived usefulness of mobile payments is accepted.
Second, mindfulness is proven to have a positive effect on perceived ease of use in adopting mobile payments.However, this can be measured from the value (t-count > t-table = 20.234> 1.96 and p-value = 0.000 < 0.05).Therefore, hypothesis H1b which states that mindfulness has a positive effect on perceived ease of use in using mobile payments is accepted.Ease of use indicates when customers perceive it to be easier to use certain technologies compared to other technologies after controlling time (Woo & Kim, 2019).Ease of use is determined by the stage when an individual believes that using a certain system will be easy to simplify, the perception of its ease of use (Zhou, 2017).
Third, the results of the next hypothesis test examine the effect of mindfulness on attitude and can be seen from the original sample value on the total effect of 0.719.In addition, the variable relationship value (19.677 > 1.96 and p-value = 0.000 < 0.05).Therefore, H1c states that mindfulness has a positive and significant effect on attitude toward mobile payment adoption.When an individual is in their mindful situation whose way of working is characterized by a focus on the present, attention to operational details, willingness to consider alternative perspectives in exploring transactions through the technology provided by mobile payments, then they will not hesitate in making decisions to use mobile payments because of the benefits and convenience provided by mobile payments.
The results of the next hypothesis test on the effect of perceived usefulness on attitudes have a positive effect, this can be seen in the value (t-statistic < t-table = 6.016 < 1.96 and p-value = 0.000 < 0.05).The findings of this research are the same as previous research.It means that hypothesis H2a which states that perceived usefulness has a positive and significant effect on user attitudes towards mobile payment is accepted.As reviewed by Lwoga et al (2017), perceived usefulness is important in affecting users' perspectives and willingness to adopt mobile payment applications when consumers operate smartphones for final payments.
The next hypothesis that tests H2b of perceived usefulness also has a positive and significant effect on intention to use.This can be seen in the hypothesis test result value of 3.104 < 1.96 and a p-value of 0.002 > 0.05.Perceived usefulness is the main determining factor that greatly affects consumer beliefs and aspirations in allowing the invention to be used.Perceived ease of use is determined by how often consumers use a certain device, the ease.The next hypothesis test result is H3 which is accepted, that is, perceived ease of use is proven to have a positive and significant effect on attitude.This can be seen in the value (t-count > t-table = 3.542 < 1.96 and p-value = 0.000 > 0.05).According to Wardana et al (2022) the ease is the level of individual confidence that technology is easy to use.Perceived ease can affect individual attitudes in accepting a technology, if users assess a system as easy to use, then users will have an attitude of acceptance in the technology.When the perception of ease increases, the intensity of consumer attitudes is higher which leads to an increase in purchasing decisions.
The results of H4a hypothesis testing with a value (6,604 < 1.96 and p-value 0.000> 0.05) which means that subjective norms are proven to have a positive and significant effect on attitudes.The next hypothesis testing is hypothesis H4b, that is, subjective norms do not have a positive and significant effect on intention to use.This information can be seen in the test results (1.863 < 1.96 and p-value = 0.062 > 0.05), which means that this figure does not fulfill the predetermined criteria to reject the hypothesis.These results are inversely proportional to the findings of Flavian et al (2020), according to whose findings subjective norms have a positive and significant effect on intention to use.On the other hand, research conducted by Gupta et al (2021), this research tries to develop a model based on technology acceptance models and theories and test it to evaluate perceived trust and subjective norms of consumers as antecedents of their adoption and intention of sustainable use for mobile wallets.Based on the research conducted, it has been analyzed that perceived trust and subjective norms determine customers' intention to begin using e-wallets or online transaction media.Sudaryati et al (2017) explains that subjective norms are intended to describe the effect of important other people.This is commonly operationalized as the perception of the person concerned regarding the important things that other people think the person should do in connection with certain behaviors.Subjective norms are formed from the components of a person's normative and motivational beliefs, which means that individuals can be affected and can also be unaffected by other people's perceptions.However, determining the extent to an individual will be affected or not depends on the strength of the individual's personality in responding to others' intentions.
The last hypothesis H5 states that user attitudes towards mobile payment are proven to have a positive and significant effect on the intention to adopt mobile payment.Information on the results of hypothesis testing which indicates a value (4,713 < 1.96 and p-value of 0.000 > 0.05) which means that the hypothesis is accepted.The findings of this research are also supported by research of Teo & Zhou (2014) they conducted research to examine the factors that affect the intention of students in higher education to use technology.Generally, mindfulness should help reduce uncertainty about technology acceptance (either directly or through reducing complexity), increase the perceived usefulness of the technology, and directly increase one's intention to use it.Mindfulness is confirmed to eliminate uncertainty about technology acceptance and intention to use.The model was processed using 251 samples and the resulting data mostly supported this research model.

CONCLUSION
According to this research, it indicates that mindfulness has a positive and significant effect on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and users' attitude in the intention to adopt mobile payments.Meanwhile, perceived usefulness has a positive and significant effect on users' attitude and their intention in adopting mobile payment.Then, perceived ease of use has a positive and signicant effect only on users' attitude in the intention to adopt mobile payment.Furthermore, subjective norms have a postive and significant effect on users' attitude in their intention to adopt mobile payment, but it negatively affect on users' intention in adopting it.The last is attitude which has a positive and significant effect on users' intention in adopting mobile payment in every their transactions.
This research was conducted when mobile payments are trending and becoming more prevalent in Indonesia.There is a high probability that there will be more interest in adopting them in the future.The existence of online service platforms and e-commerce sites has made several e-wallets a convenient option for Indonesian customers to transact.To understand how users will react to mobile payments, Sun et al (2016) proposed a technology acceptance mindfulness model to examine the relationship between mindfulness and intention to use technology and other antecedents.The concept of mindfulness captures on how people realize, gather, process, and even generate information related to technology acceptance.Mindful individuals will be more aware of the differences between mobile payments and other payment methods such as cash or cashless (credit cards), introduce other technological alternatives, and enjoy the novelty of mobile payments.A better understanding of mindfulness may enable system designers to design systems that support mindful use.The results of this research have implications for researchers and practitioners.For researchers, this research attempts to test various constructs from various theories to further refine our understanding of adopting mobile payments.This research confirms that more testing in different settings and further refinement of the model.Furthermore, for practitioners, marketing campaigns to introduce new services to consumers; enhancing awareness about the usefulness, security, and ease of use of mobile payments is an important first step in introducing mobile payments.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Theory of Planned Behavior

Table 1 .
The Components of Research Source: Processed Data by Researcher SEM is usually used when a research consists of 2 or more endogenous variables.This research applies the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method because the research model contains more than one endogenous variable and includes several structural relationships.Structural Equation Modeling (SEM

Table 6 .
The Result of F 2 Test