COMBINATION OF N-BUTANOL GOTU KOLA EXTRACT, N-BUTANOL LERAK EXTRACT, AND NEEM SEED OIL IN A NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER HERBAL ANTIMICROBIAL SPERMICIDE
Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya
Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya
Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56943/jsh.v2i1.256Introduction. The spermicidal effect of the nonoxynol-9 compound paralyzes sperm by rupturing the cell membrane. Nonoxynol-9 compounds, however, can irritate and itch the vagina. Using a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) delivery system, alternative herbal spermicides were created in this research using gotu kola, lerak, and neem. To optimize and formulate of NLC formulation herbal spermicides made from a combination of lipids on Glyceryl Monostearate (GMS) and liquid lipids of olive oil using a response surface full factorial design model (22), and analyzing particle size tests, spreadability tests, pH, viscosity, and potential zeta tests. Method. A full factorial design model (22) was employed in this research to optimize and formulate NLC herbal spermicides using a combination of lipids in Glyceryl Monostearate (GMS) and liquid lipid olive oil. Results and Analysis. NLC herbal spermicide particle sizes range from 103.8 ± 0.3 to 178.0 ± 1.2 nm. The spreading power of NLC Herbal Spermicide ranges from 5.8 ± 0.05 to 6.3 ± 0.05 cm. The Zeta Potential of NLC Herbal Spermicide has a range of -17.0 ± 0.8 to -24.8 ± 3.3 mV. Resulting pH range is 5.7 ± 0.2 to 6.5 ± 0.1, resulting viscosity is 564 ± 0.3 to 661 ± 0.5 cps. Discussion. The equation model for the power distribution response has a p-value smaller than 0.05 which means it is significant so that the equation model can be used to predict the power response. Different things occur in the zeta potential response and spreadability which have a p-value greater than 0.05, so it can be concluded that the ratio of solid lipids and liquid lipids has no effect on the particle size and zeta potential parameters.
Keywords: Gotu Kola Lerak ne NLC Spermicides
Gratitude is forwarded to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology for providing research funding through the Assignment Research Grant Scheme in 2022.
REFERENCES
Al-Khdheeawi, E.A. and Mahdi, D.S. (2019) ‘Apparent Viscosity Prediction of Water-Based Muds Using Empirical Correlation and an Artificial Neural Network’, Energies MDPI, 12(16). Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/en12163067.
Anderson, W. et al. (2013) ‘A comparative study of submicron particle sizing platforms: accuracy, precision and resolution analysis of polydisperse particle size distributions’, J Colloid Interface Sci, 405, pp. 322–330. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.02.030.
Damke, E. et al. (2013) ‘Spermicidal and anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of Brazilian Sapindus saponaria’, BMC Complement Altern Med [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-196.
Iqbal, M.A. et al. (2012) ‘Nanostructured lipid carriers system: Recent advances in drug delivery’, Journal of Drug Targetting, 20(10), pp. 813–830. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/1061186X.2012.716845.
Khan, A. et al. (2013) ‘Effect of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) on Fertility in Male Rats’, Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, 5(1), pp. 39–42. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16206.
Lu, Z. et al. (2013) ‘Evaluation of the Spermicidal and Contraceptive Activity of Platycodin D, a Saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum’, PLoS ONE, 8(11). Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082068.
Patel, D.K. et al. (2013) ‘Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) A Modern Approach for Topical Delivery: A Review’, World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(3), pp. 921–938. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roohi-Kesharwani/publication/304140221_NANOSTRUCTURED_LIPID_CARRIER_NLC_A_MODERN_APPROACH_FOR_TOPICAL_DELIVERY_A_REVIEW/links/5cb0539ba6fdcc1d498e2f7d/NANOSTRUCTURED-LIPID-CARRIER-NLC-A-MODERN-APPROACH-FOR-TOPICAL-DELIVERY-A-REVIEW.pdf.
Pratasik, M.C.M., Yamlean, P.V.Y. and Wiyono, W.I. (2019) ‘Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sesewanua (Clerodendron Squamatum Vahl.)’, PHARMACON, 8(2). Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.8.2019.29289.
Rahayu, A., Rosyida, D.A.C. and Nuraini, I. (2022) ‘Formulasi dan Optimasi Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (Nlc) Ketokonazol menggunakan Full Factorial Design: Formulation and Optimization of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) Ketoconazole using Full Factorial Design’, Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian, 7(3), pp. 561–750.
Rahayu, A., Sari, D.P. and Ebtavanny, T.G. (2019) ‘Design, Optimization and Characterization of Cefixime Microspheres’, International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences, 7(5), pp. 3051–3055. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21276/ijprhs.2019.05.02.
Salamah, S., Sulistiawati, E. and Aktawan, A. (2018) ‘Pelatihan Teknologi Kimia Terapan Pembuatan Sabun Cair Cuci Piring, Sabun Mandi Herbal dan Tepung Ampas Kelapa Ibu-Ibu ‘Aisyiyah Ranting Perumnas Condong Catur, Depok, Sleman’, Jurnal Pemberdayaan Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(2). Available at: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jp.v1i2.326.
Sefrioui, M.R. et al. (2021) ‘Evaluation of spermicidal activity of saponosides from Saponaria officinalis/Caryophyllaceae, Glycyrrhizia glabra/Fabaceae and Herniaria glabra/Caryophyllaceae’, Medicine Pharmacy Reports, 94(2), pp. 239–247.
Sharma, A. and Maldonado, I.C. (2020) ‘Leaf and Fruit Methanolic Extracts of Azadirachta indica Exhibit Anti-fertility Activity on Rats’ Sperm Quality and Testicular Histology’, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 22(3). Available at: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200730145621.
Simon, P. and Djajadisastra, J. (2012) Formulasi dan uji penetrasi mikroemulsi natrium diklofenak dengan metode sel difusi franz dan metode tape stripping. Universitas Indonesia.
Sukarjati, Kusuma, P.S.W. and Rahayu, A. (2022) ‘Formulasi Nanoemulgel Kombinasi Ekstrak N-Butanol Pegagan, Ekstrak N-Butanol Lerak dan Minyak Biji Mimba menggunakan Desain Full Factorial’, Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian, 7(4). Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37874/ms.v7i4.656.
Sukarjati, Pramushinta, I. and Widyaswati, E. (2021) ‘Potensi Ekstrak Daging Buah Lerak (Sapindus Rarak), Pegagan (Centella Asiatica,) Biji Mimba (Azadirachta Indica A.Juss) serta Campuran Ketiga Ekstrak terhadap Motilitas dan Viabilitas Spermatozoa Marmut (Cavia Porcellus) secara In Vitro’, in Seminar Nasional Hasil Riset dan Pengabdian Ke-III (SNHRP-III 2021). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil Riset dan Pengabdian, pp. 128–132. Available at: https://snhrp.unipasby.ac.id/prosiding/index.php/snhrp/article/view/179/149.
Tamjidi, F., Shahedi, M., B, J.V., et al. (2013) ‘Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC): A potential delivery system for bioactive food molecules’, Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 19, pp. 29–43. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2013.03.002.
Tamjidi, F., Shahedi, M., Varshosaz, J., et al. (2013) ‘Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC): A potential delivery system for bioactive food molecules’, The Infona, 19, pp. 29–43. Available at: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ifset.2013.03.002.
Wong, T.W., Dhanawat, M. and Rathbone, M.J. (2014) ‘Vaginal drug delivery: strategies and concerns in polymeric nanoparticle development’, Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 11(9), pp. 1419–1434. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2014.924499.
Xu, M. et al. (2022) ‘Effects of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on sperm functions: systematic review and meta-analysis’, Reproduction & Fertility, 3(1). Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-21-0024.
Zaman, M. (2021) ‘Optimal value determination for a shape changeable furniture design parameters using full factorial design of experiment analysis’, IJRIE: International Journal of Research in Industrial Engineering, 10(2), pp. 117–127. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22105/riej.2021.286958.1226.
