LITERATURE REVIEW STUDY: DETERMINANTS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Nursing Study Program, Audi Indonesia University, Indonesia
Department of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56943/jsh.v3i1.526Introductio: Diabetic retinopathy (RD) ranks 4th as a cause of blindness globally after
cataracts, glaucoma and macular degeneration. Blindness due to RD is a health problem
because it will reduce a person's quality of life and decrease productivity, causing a social
burden on society. Globally, around 95 million DM patients experience diabetic
retinopathy (35.4%) of which one third are at risk of losing their vision and more than 75%
of diabetes sufferers will experience diabetic retinopathy 20 years after diagnosis.
Methods: The method used in this writing is literature study which aims to compile,
tabulate and compare research results. Articles were collected via the PubMed and
Mendeley search engines. The keywords used are diabetic retinopathy and diabetes
mellitus. The articles went through an elimination and filtering process with the results
being 14 articles according to the research topic. Result & Analysis: Results from a full
text review of 14 journals containing at least 1 RD factor and in accordance with the
inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the 14 articles reviewed, the risk factors were age
(87.5%), hypertension (77.8%), duration/length of suffering from DM (76.9%) and HbA1c
levels (87.5%), these four factors stated there is a significant relationship with the
occurrence of RD in type 2 DM patients. Discussion : Based on the results of the study, it
was concluded that most journals stated that there was a relationship between the factors
age, hypertension, duration of DM and HbA1c levels on the incidence of RD in type 2 DM
patients.
Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Annisa, Yunia. Romdhoni, M. Fadhol.
Comparison of the Risk of Diabetic
Retinopathy Between Hypertensive
and Non-Hypertensive Patients
Suffering from Diabetes Mellitus at
Majenang Regional Hospital.
MEDISAINS: Scientific Journal of
Health Sciences. 2017; Vol 15 No 1
-38.
Bikbov, Mukharram M et al. Prevalence
and Associated Factors of Diabetic
Retinopathy in a Russian Population.
The Ural Eye and Medical Study.
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and
Obesity: Targets and Therapy 2021 :
4723–4734.
Boonsaen et al . Prevalence of and
Factors Associated with Diabetic
Retinopathy in Patients with
Diabetes Mellitus at Siriraj Hospital
– Thailand's Largest National
Tertiary Referral Center . Diabetes,
Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity:
Targets and Therapy 2021:14 4945–
Chiu, Tsai-Tung, Tsai, Tien-lung, et al.
The Related Risk Factors of Diabetic
Retinopathy in Elderly Patients with
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A
Hospital-Based Cohort Study in
Taiwan. International Journal.
Environment. Res. Public Health
, 18, 307.
Cui, Ying et al. Prevalence and risk
factors for diabetic retinopathy in a
cross-sectional population-based
study from rural southern China:
Dongguan Eye Study. BMJ Open
; 9.
Dewi, PN, Fadrian, F., & Vitresia, H.
Severity Profile of Diabetic
Retinopathy With or Without
Hypertension at RSUP Dr. M.
Djamil Padang. Andalas Health
Journal. 2019. 8(2): 204.
Graue-Hernandez, Enrique O et al.
Prevalence and associated risk
factors of diabetic retinopathy and
macular edema in patients recently
diagnosed with type 2 diabetes . BMJ
Open Ophth 2020;5.
Indonesian Ministry of Health. Diabetes
Facts and Figures. P2PTM. 2016;
Available from : URL
http://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/uploads/2
/11/Diabetes-Fakta-danAngka.pdf
Indonesian Ministry of Health.
InfoDATIN 2020. South Jakarta.
P2PTM. 2020
Kartasasmita, Prof. Arief Sjamsulaksan.
Diabetic Retinopathy: Shifting
Paradigm of Blindness in the
Millennial Era. Cicendo Eye
Hospital. 2018.
Lee R. Wong TY Sabanayagam C.
Epidemiology of diabetic
retinopathy, diabetic macular edema
and related vision loss. Eye and
Vision (2015) ; 2:17.
Lima et al. Risk factors for diabetic
retinopathy: a case–control study.270
International Journal of Retina and
Vitreous. 2016; 2:21.
Liu, Yan, Yang, Jiarui et al. Risk factors
of diabetic retinopathy and sightthreatening diabetic retinopathy: a
cross-sectional study of 13 473
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
in mainland China. BMJ Open
;7.
Manao, Intan Lamy, Hutami, Hesti
Triwahyu et al . The Association of
Diabetes Duration with the Severity
of Diabetic Retinopathy .
Diponegoro Medical Journal. 2021.
Volume 10, Number 1.
Matuszewski, W , Rutkowska , M. S .
Szychlinska . M. Stankiewicz. E.B.
Differences in Risk Factors for
Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 and
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in
North-East Poland . Medicina
(Kaunas). 2020 ; 56(4): 177.
Nafia, Nisa Khoirun. Nugroho,
Trilaksana, et al. Various Risk
Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
Medica Hospitalia. 2021; 8(3):265–
Nagasree, DVC et al . Study of
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy
and Correlation with Risk Factors. J.
Evolution Med. Dent. Sci.
;7(31):3452-3456.
Peng, Yun, Guo, Xianxian et al .
Incidence and risk factors for
diabetic retinopathy in the
communities of Shenzhen. Annals of
Palliative Medicine. 2021;
(1):615-624.
Raja, Sajid Adhi et al. Prevalence and
Associated Factors of Diabetic
Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus Patients in Brunei
Darussalam: A Cross-sectional
Study. Korean J Ophthalmology.
Vol.36, No.1.
Sahreni, S. Isramilda. Saputra, A I.
Relationship between the duration of
diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
and current blood sugar levels with
the incidence of diabetic retinopathy
at Budi Kemuliaan Hospital, Batam
City in 2017-2018. BEST Journal.
Vol.3 No.1 Pg. 09 2614 –
Shibru, Tsion et al. Prevalence of
Diabetic Retinopathy and Associated
Factors among Type 2 Diabetes
Patients at Tikur Anbessa Hospital,
Ethiopia. J Diabetes Metab, Vol.10
Iss.2 No:820.
Thapa, Raba et al. Prevalence and risk
factors of diabetic retinopathy among
an elderly population with diabetes
in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina
Study. Dovepress : Clinical
Ophthalmology. 2018 ; 12 561–568.
Tilahun, M. Gobena, T. Dereje, D.
Welde, M. Yideg, G. Prevalence of
Diabetic Retinopathy and Its
Associated Factors among Diabetic
Patients at Debre Markos Referral
Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019:
Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional
Study . Dove Press journal: Diabetes,
Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity:
Targets and Therapy. 2020 : 13
–2187
Zhang, Guihua et al. Prevalence and risk
factors for diabetic retinopathy in
China: a multi-hospital-based crosssectional study . l. Br J Ophthalmol
;101:1591–1595.
