The Tin Euphoria Paradox: A Psychosocial Analysis Of Low Educational Retention Among Adolescents In Belitong Island
Ikatan Keluarga Pelajar Belitung (IKPB)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56943/jssh.v5i2.976%20The tin mining industry in Belitung Island, Bangka Belitung Islands Province, has long produced a sociocultural paradox in which immediate economic rewards systematically weaken adolescent commitment to formal education, contributing to persistent school dropout rates and a disproportionately high prevalence of early marriage. This study examines the psychosocial dynamics underlying both phenomena, focusing on how mining culture, psychological vulnerability, and cultural normalization collectively generate measurable consequences among school-aged adolescents. A descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach was applied, integrating structured field observations with secondary data analysis obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN), while data validity was secured through triangulation techniques. The findings indicate that school dropout in Belitung Island functions as a product of structural violence, in which the tin mining economic system indirectly removes adolescents from formal education through instant gratification mechanisms, as neurologically vulnerable adolescents consistently prioritize short-term mining income over long-term educational investment. This condition further drives elevated early marriage rates, recorded at 18.76 percent in 2020, representing nearly double the national average, with women bearing a disproportionate psychological burden that includes anxiety, depression, and identity foreclosure. Most substantially, the widespread community normalization of both dropout and early marriage has established a self-perpetuating cycle of learned helplessness that proves resistant to institutional intervention, indicating that resolution demands not only regulatory reform but a foundational shift in local values that genuinely repositions education as a pathway toward sustainable prosperity.
Keywords: Belitung Island Early Marriage Instant Gratification School Dropout Tin Euphoria
Ahmad, H., & Mustakim, M. (2022). HUBUNGAN KESETABILAN EMOSI DENGAN PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN KARIR SISWA SMA NEGERI KOTA MATARAM. Realita : Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 7(2), 1664–1677. https://doi.org/10.33394/realita.v7i2.5888
Amelia, R., & Agustina, N. (2022). Determinan Kejadian Putus Sekolah di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Tahun 2021. Seminar Nasional Official Statistics, 2022(1), 937–946. https://doi.org/10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2022i1.1288
Aunty, R. M. (1993). Sustaining Development in Mineral Economies: The Resource Curse Thesis - Richard Auty - Google Buku. Routledge.
Berliana, S. M., Kristinadewi, P. A. N., Rachmawati, P. D., Fauziningtyas, R., Efendi, F., & Bushy, A. (2021). Determinants of early marriage among female adolescent in Indonesia. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2018-0054
BPS. (2020). Proporsi Perempuan Umur 20-24 Tahun Yang Berstatus Kawin Atau Berstatus Hidup Bersama Sebelum Umur 18 Tahun Menurut Provinsi - Tabel Statistik - Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MTM2MCMy/proporsi-perempuan-umur-20-24-tahun-yang-berstatus-kawin-atau-berstatus-hidup-bersama-sebelum-umur-18-tahun-menurut-provinsi.html
BPS. (2024a). Indikator Kesejahteraan Rakyat 2024 (Indah Budiati, Adwi Hastuti, & Erna Yulianingsih (eds.); Vol. 53).
BPS. (2024b). Statistik Pendidikan 2024 (Vol. 13). Badan Pusat Statistik. https://web-api.bps.go.id/download.php?f=a+5g241WdIqXCPXGovK0hGJRbEJsODErRmVmYlRHa1huU0QzU2NJM0dvcCsrL3RWT2hScTV0U2tCZmJMTXc4bDM1K0VnVmxtdTg1cXp4WmNNMmtiMWdtZU5xbk5hd3FoajFtMmFFQTF2WGpESnBnWGt3VEx4d3BSTDVEL05aNFhDR1hRdVFhNklza1FqaG5yQzJWc1VDenJWaGtpaDFHR1RnOEN2Z01ZTFFwdGNVclNaUXZVam42UzhxL1pnM1I2cU56UEpVZlNocDdXMm5kV1pJZnpLd0loZnh3RDdRRXEzRS9nWmJYVkgxcG12NE9ZWFlINDNMRG8vR2JQNGh5TTIwMXk5S1Q3Y1N4T2xDd2c=
Burgess Id, R. A., Jeffery, M., Odero, A. S., Rose-Clarke, K., & Devakumar, D. (2022). Overlooked and unaddressed: A narrative review of mental health consequences of child marriages. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(1), e0000131. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000131
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity Youth and Crisis 1(1968, W. W. Norton & Company) (1). W.W Norton & Company, Inc.
Farozi, A., Salim, L., & Reza, F. A. (2025). IMPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND FAMILY FUNCTION IN EARLY MARRIAGE: A STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM PERSPECTIVE IN TANJUNG HARAPAN VILLAGE, TANJUNG RAYA, MESUJI. Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.20961/jas.v14i3.104608
Fitria, M., Laksono, A. D., Syahri, I. M., Wulandari, R. D., Matahari, R., & Astuti, Y. (2024). Education role in early marriage prevention: evidence from Indonesia’s rural areas. BMC Public Health 2024 24:1, 24(1), 3323-. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20775-4
Galtung, J. (1990). Cultural Violence. Journal of Peace Research, 27(3), 291–305. https://www.galtung-institut.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Cultural-Violence-Galtung.pdf
Hajad, V., Ikhsan, I., Herizal, H., Latif, I. R., & Marefanda, N. (2023). Poverty and the Curse of Natural Resources in Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy, 4(1), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v4i1.92
Indonesia, P. P. (2019). Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/details/122740/uu-no-16-tahun-2019
Nita, C. N. (2022, February 14). 779 Orang Putuskan Menikah Usia Dini, Paling Banyak Dipilih oleh Wanita. Bangka Pos. https://bangka.tribunnews.com/2022/02/14/779-orang-putuskan-menikah-usia-dini-paling-banyak-dipilih-oleh-wanita
Potterton, R., Austin, A., Robinson, L., Webb, H., Allen, K. L., & Schmidt, U. (2022). Identity Development and Social-Emotional Disorders During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2021, 51(1), 16–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01536-7
Putri, A. K., & Dokhi, M. (2024). The Effect of School Dropout Status and Sociocultural on Early Marriage of Adolescent Girls in Sulawesi Island in 2023 . Seminar Nasional Official Statistics, 2024(1), 363–372. https://doi.org/10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2024i1.2244
Sachs, J. D., & Warner Andrew M. (1995). Natural Resources and Economic Growth. Harvard Institute for International Development. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w5398/w5398.pdf
Saptahadi, Y., & Yandi, Y. (2025). AN ANALYSIS OF THE FULFILMENT OF CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN SCHOOL DROPOUT CASES IN THE TIN MINING AREA OF SOUTH BANGKA. Jurnal Cendekeia Hukum, 10(2). https://garuda.kemdiktisaintek.go.id/documents/detail/5939168
Seligman, M. E., & Maier Steven F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024514
Sezgin, A. U., & Punamäki, R. L. (2020). Impacts of early marriage and adolescent pregnancy on mental and somatic health: the role of partner violence. Archives of Women’s Mental Health 2019 , 23(2), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-019-00960-w
Steinberg, L. (2008). A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Review, 28(1), 78–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.002
Sugiyono, S. (2022). Metode Penelitian : Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D (27th ed.). Alfabeta.
Syahrir, R., Wall, F., & Diallo, P. (2020). Socio-economic impacts and sustainability of mining, a case study of the historical tin mining in Singkep Island-Indonesia. The Extractive Industries and Society, 7(4), 1525–1533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.07.023
Yoosefi Lebni, J., Solhi, M., Ebadi Fard Azar, F., Khalajabadi Farahani, F., & Irandoost, S. F. (2023). Exploring the Consequences of Early Marriage: A Conventional Content Analysis. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 60. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580231159963
