Faith-Based Leadership Integration: Applying Prophetic Values in Transformational and Servant Leadership for SME Entrepreneurs
Institut Nida El Adabi Bogor
Universitas PTIQ Jakarta
Institut Nida El Adabi Bogor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56943/joe.v5i1.933Leadership represents a critical determinant of entrepreneurial success and organizational sustainability, particularly within small and medium enterprises where ethical guidance directly influences stakeholder outcomes. This study analyzes the integration of Prophet Muhammad's leadership values within transformational and servant leadership models through systematic thematic Quranic exegesis. Employing qualitative descriptive methodology with tafsir maudhu'i approach, the research examines four key Quranic verses (Al-Imran 3:159, Al-Anbiya 21:107, Al-Furqan 25:63, and Al-Ma'idah 5:8) that articulate principles of consultative decision-making, visionary inspiration, humble conduct, and equitable justice. Findings reveal that prophetic leadership encompasses both transformational dimensions (idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration) and servant leadership characteristics (humility, empowerment, ethical behavior, and stewardship) within a unified theological framework. The analysis demonstrates that Quranic leadership principles challenge the artificial dichotomy between transformational vision-setting and servant stakeholder orientation prevalent in Western management scholarship, instead presenting an integrated paradigm termed "Quranic Leadership" that synthesizes change-oriented inspiration with humble ethical service. This framework offers Muslim entrepreneurs scripturally validated guidance for implementing evidence-based leadership practices while maintaining religious authenticity, contributing to faith-integrated entrepreneurship literature and providing practical implications for business educators, organizational leaders, and policymakers seeking culturally relevant approaches to ethical entrepreneurship and sustainable business development.
Keywords: Islamic Entrepreneurship Transformational Leadership Servant Leadership Prophetic Leadership Ethical Business Management
Anam, H. (2022). Sifat-sifat pemimpin pendidik dalam perspektif Al-Qur’an Surah Ali Imran Ayat 159. Risâlah Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam, 8(4), 1249–1262.
Bashori, B. (2019). Kepemimpinan transformasional Kyai pada lembaga Pendidikan Islam. AL-TANZIM : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 3(2), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v3i2.535
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. The Free Press.
Bidaula, Z. S., Maulida, S., & Rahman, H. (2024). Entrepreneurship in Islam (Principles and strategies for the success of the Prophet Muhammad SAW in trading). Rihlah Iqtishad: Jurnal Bisnis Dan Keuangan Islam, 1(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.61166/rihlah.v1i2.18
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. In Harper torchbooks. Harper & Row.
Cassell, C., Cunliffe, A., & Grandy, G. (2018). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Business and Management Research Methods: History and Traditions. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526430212
Eaton, L., Bridgman, T., & Cummings, S. (2024). Advancing the democratization of work: A new intellectual history of transformational leadership theory. Leadership, 20(3), 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/17427150241232705
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004
Gandasacita, I., Rifqo, & Asy’ari, H. (2024). Konsep dan implementasi servant leadership dalam kepemimpinan modern. Al-Ubudiyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam, 5(2), 241–247. https://doi.org/10.55623/au.v5i2.373
Greenleaf, R. K. (1977). Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness. Paulist Press.
Habersang, S., & Reihlen, M. (2025). Advancing Qualitative Meta-Studies (QMS): Current practices and reflective guidelines for synthesizing qualitative research. Organizational Research Methods, 28(2), 210–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/10944281241240180
Hambali, Mu’alimin, & Rusdianto. (2020). Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Kontemporer. IRCiSoD.
Hamka, A. M. K. A. (2003). Tafsir al-Azhar. Pustaka Nasional Pte. Ltd.
Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., & Wu, D. (2018). Do ethical, authentic, and servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 44(2), 501–529. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316665461
Kalsoom, G., & Smaliukienė, R. (2025). The effect of servant leadership on CSR implementation: A PLS-SEM analysis. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 23(4), 313–325. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.23(4).2025.23
Kamil, F., Rahman, P., Nur, S. M., & Ilyas, D. (2023). Epistemologis tafsir tematik: Menuju tafsir Al-Qur’an yang holistik. Jurnal Semiotika-Q: Kajian Ilmu Al-Quran Dan Tafsir, 3(1), 11–32. https://doi.org/10.19109/jsq.v3i1.18327
Khasanah, U. (2019). Kepemimpinan Transformasional dalam Manajemen Pendidikan Islam. Jakad Media Publishing.
Kurniawan, E., & Mustaniruddin, A. (2024). The unity of Qur’anic themes. TAJDID: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin, 23(2), 674–698. https://doi.org/10.30631/tjd.v23i2.559
Kyambade, M., Nkurunziza, G., Sewante, L., Namatovu, A., & Tushabe, M. (2024). Servant leadership and healthy work relationships in university context: a moderated mediation analysis of psychological safety and socially responsible leadership. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2418802
Labiibah, A., Shidiq, N., & Saefullah, M. (2024). Prinsip keadilan dalam interaksi belajar mengajar. Jurnal Budi Pekerti Agama Islam, 2(4), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.61132/jbpai.v2i4.437
Lee, A., Lyubovnikova, J., Tian, A. W., & Knight, C. (2020). Servant leadership: A meta‐analytic examination of incremental contribution, moderation, and mediation. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 93(1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12265
Lemoine, G. J., Hartnell, C. A., & Leroy, H. (2019). Taking stock of moral approaches to leadership: An integrative review of ethical, authentic, and servant leadership. Academy of Management Annals, 13(1), 148–187. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2016.0121
Lubis, N. A., & Milhan, M. (2024). Analysis of Maudhuiy’s tafsir method: A thematic approach in interpreting the Qur’an. SYAHADAT: Journal of Islamic Studies, 1(3), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.70489/3fajzp54
Mahyarni, Meflinda, A., & Indrayani, H. (2018). The investigation of the effects of spiritual values and behaviors on business development and performance of Muslim preneurship. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(2), 730–740. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2017-0027
Massofia, F. D., & Rahmawati. (2023). Konsep Rahmatan Lil ‘Alamin pada QS. Al-Anbiya: 107 (Kajian Tafsir Qur’an). Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 2(2), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v2i2.84
Myers, M. D. (2019). Qualitative Research in Business and Management. SAGE Publications Ltd.
Rahman, S. S. A., Nadzri, S., & Senik, Z. C. (2024). The practice of prophetic leadership in strategic management process: Reflection of Muslim SME entrepreneurs. Journal of Management and Muamalah, 14(2), 88–98. https://doi.org/10.53840/jmm.v14i2.219
Ramachandran, S., Balasubramanian, S., James, W. F., & Al Masaeid, T. (2024). Whither compassionate leadership? A systematic review. Management Review Quarterly, 74(3), 1473–1557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-023-00340-w
Ravet-Brown, T. É., Furtner, M., & Kallmuenzer, A. (2024). Transformational and entrepreneurial leadership: A review of distinction and overlap. Review of Managerial Science, 18(2), 493–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00649-6
Subagja, R., & Khoiruddin, H. (2023). Telaah metodologi penafsiran Al-Qur’an oleh Quraish Shihab melalui prisma tafsir Al-Misbah: Analisis terhadap Ayat 63 Surah Al-Furqan. Tahdzib Al-Akhlaq: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 6(2), 165–176. https://doi.org/10.34005/tahdzib.v6i2.3226
Sulaeman, S. (2020). A review of servant and transformational leadership style in Islamic perspectives: A lesson from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as an excellent role model for Muslim leaders in Indonesia. Nazharat: Jurnal Kebudayaan, 26(02), 371–387.
Thoyibah, F. A., & Hajizah. (2025). Model kepemimpinan profetik Rasulullah dalam konteks kepemimpinan transformasional modern. Jurnal IHSAN : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3(3), 582–589. https://doi.org/10.61104/ihsan.v3i3.1100
Tyas, N. R. (2019). Model kepemimpinan pendidikan Nabi Muhammad SAW. Muslim Heritage, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.21154/muslimheritage.v4i2.1851
Ubaedullah, D., & Al-Rahman, R. M. U. (2025). Islamic servant leadership: Implications for education in Madrasah. Edukasiana: Journal of Islamic Education, 4(1), 360–373. https://doi.org/10.61159/edukasiana.v4i1.377
Wati, S., Filzah, C. B., Angga, T. A., & Jendri, J. (2024). Pemimpin ideal dalam cahaya Al Qur’an. Akhlak : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Filsafat, 2(1), 287–298. https://doi.org/10.61132/akhlak.v2i1.390
Yamani, M. T. (2015). Memahami Al-Qur’an dengan metode tafsir Maudhu’i. J-PAI: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 1(2).
Yasin, N. A., Hidayati, A., & Nurlailin, W. (2024). PROPHET MUHAMMAD’S PROPHETIC BUSINESS STRATEGY: COMPARISON WITH MANAGEMENT THEORY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CHARACTER EDUCATION. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 13–29. https://doi.org/10.56943/joe.v3i4.769
Yusnita, N., & Virlania, Y. (2024). IMPROVEMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP THROUGH STRENGTHENING TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.56943/joe.v3i1.390
